The Hesperium Group

Healthcare Policy Advisors

Who We Are

The Hesperium Group, LLC, is a research and consulting firm that focuses on the development of innovative approaches to healthcare policy and management. The firm’s principals have been involved in the design and development of payment systems that have been widely adopted throughout the world, and have directed many large-scale projects in healthcare reimbursement, management, planning and quality assurance.

Recent Articles

“It’s Time to Reform How the Federal Government Funds State Medicaid Programs”

Health Affairs Forefront, July 7, 2026

 

“What to Expect from Site-Neutral Payment System from Medicare”

Healthcare Financial Management, February-March 2026

 

“Commercial Health Insurance: Spiraling Costs and Growing Dissatisfaction”

Health Affairs Forefront, February 18, 2025

 

“The Paradox of Health Care Competition: How the Middle Class Became the Big Loser”

Health Affairs Forefront, August 15, 2023

 

“It’s Time to Standardize On A Single Code Set For Reporting Health Care Services”

Health Affairs Forefront, March 12, 2026

 

“Do Bed-Day Shortages Mean We Need to Build More Bed Capacity? Maybe Not”

Healthcare Financial Management, December 25-January 2026

 

“The Elusive Quest for Value: Getting the Details Right”

Health Affairs Forefront, November 16, 2023

 

“The Medicare IPPS 40 Years Later Lessons Learned and What to Do Next”

Journal Ambulatory Care Management, April/June 2023

Foundational Articles

“AUTOGRP: An Interactive Computer System for the Analysis of Health Care Data”

Medical Care, July 1976

 

“Casemix Definition by Diagnosis Related Groups”

Medical Care, February 1980

 

“Design and Evaluation of a Prospective Payment System for Ambulatory Care”

Health Care Financing Review, Fall 1993

 

“Development of the ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS)”

Final Report – CMS Website, 2012

 

“Planning, Budgeting, and Controlling—One Look at the Future: Case-mix Cost Accounting”

Health Services Research, Summer 1979

 

“The Challenge of ‘Real’ Competition in Medicare”

Health Affairs, Fall 1986

 

“Paying for Outcomes, Not Performance: Lessons from the Medicare Inpatient Prospective Payment System

Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, April 2011

 

“Payment System Reform: One State’s Journey” Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, July-September 2013

Principal

Richard F. Averill

Richard F. Averill is Principal Consultant at The Hesperium Group and a pioneer in linking the financial and clinical dimensions of healthcare through innovative payment designs. As Director of Health-Related Research at the Yale School of Management (1972–1981), he was one of the developers of the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) and the case mix cost accounting system that became the foundation for Medicare’s Inpatient Prospective System (IPPS). He served as chief consultant to New Jersey on the

consultant to New Jersey on the nation’s first DRG-based payment demonstration and was the primary contractor to CMS for the nationwide implementation of the DRG-based IPPS.

Averill subsequently founded Health Systems International, which was acquired by 3M Health Information Systems in 1990. At 3M he served as Senior Vice President of Clinical and Economic Research and oversaw major initiatives for CMS such as the design and implementation of the Ambulatory Payment Classifications (APC) based Outpatient Prospective Payment System (OPPS). For CMS he also led the development of the ICD-10 Procedure Coding System and the Medicare Severity DRGs. For 3M he developed many widely used patient classification systems such as the All Patient Refined DRGs (APR DRGs) and Clinical Risk Groups (CRGs).

Following his retirement from 3M in 2016, Averill founded Hesperium where he has focused on the development of payment systems that strike a balance between cost and quality by creating financial incentives for reducing quality failures such as complications, readmissions, and misalignment of resources (under use of outpatient surgery). He has advised Medicaid agencies and commercial insurers on integrating quality-based adjustments into reimbursement systems.

He has been recognized multiple times by Modern Healthcare as one of the “100 Most Influential People in Healthcare” and has testified before Congress. Averill has been a frequent speaker and has authored more than 80 publications on healthcare policy and management.